While Edward was largely successful in his military campaigns and legal reforms, his reign was not without challenges. His relationship with the English barons was often strained, particularly when he sought to extract financial support for his military campaigns. In 1297, a rebellion led by the barons forced Edward to sign the Confirmation of the

Perhaps the most defining feature of Edward I’s reign was his involvement in the Scottish Wars of Independence. Throughout his reign, Scotland remained a thorn in the side of English aspirations. When King Alexander III of Scotland died in 1286, leaving no direct heir, Edward saw an opportunity to assert his authority over the Scottish throne.

Edward I, often referred to as "Edward Longshanks" due to his tall stature, reigned as King of England from 1272 until his death in 1307. His reign, lasting 35 years, was one of the most significant periods in medieval English history. Known for his military campaigns, legal reforms, and efforts to solidify royal power, Edward I played a pivotal ro

Tracy Borman is a historian and author renowned for her expertise in Tudor England, a period of immense significance for the British monarchy. As Chief Curator of Historic Royal Palaces, she has spent much of her career researching and curating exhibitions about the royal family and its history. Borman has written several books on Tudor monarchs, w